一种使用多跳事实的端到端知识库实体描述生成方法

自动化实体描述生成有助于进一步提升知识图谱的应用价值,而流畅度高是实体描述文本的重要质量指标之一。该文提出使用知识库上多跳的事实来进行实体描述生成,从而贴近人工编撰的实体描述的行文风格,提升实体描述的流畅度。该文使用编码器—解码器框架,提出了一个端到端的神经网络模型,可以编码多跳的事实,并在解码器中使用关注机制对多跳事实进行表示。该文的实验结果表明,与基线模型相比,引入多跳事实后模型的BLEU-2和ROUGE-L等自动化指标分别提升约8.9个百分点和7.3个百分点。     

方解石与硅灰石可浮性差异的机理研究

方解石与硅灰石常相互伴生，因矿物晶格中都含有Ca2+而具有一些相似的表面性质和溶解特性；但是，两种矿物所含阴离子基团的不同，又使它们在浮选中表现出一定的差异性。本文以方解石和硅灰石为研究对象，分别研究了十二胺和油酸钠对方解石和硅灰石浮选行为的影响；通过Zeta电位分析和logC-pH分析，研究了不同pH值条件下方解石和硅灰石的表面荷电情况以及溶液中的优势组分情况；通过XPS测试和MS模拟，研究了方解石和硅灰石表面Ca质点密度和Ca不饱和键密度的情况。Zeta电位分析和logC-pH分析的结果表明，由于定位离子的不同，方解石比硅灰石带有更多的表面净剩正电荷；XPS和MS模拟的研究结果则表明，方解石比硅灰石具有更多的表面Ca质点密度和Ca不饱和键密度。      

La3+ 掺杂对 CeO2 红外发射性能的影响研究

随着飞行器飞行速度和发动机燃烧室温度的提高, 金属类隐身涂层材料已无法满足环境使用要求。 CeO2 具有较高熔点、 抗氧化、 较低红外发射率等特点, 被认为是红外隐身应用的候选材料, 但其发射率仍无法满足 高温红外隐身需求。 本文通过固相反应法对 CeO2 进行 La3+ 掺杂改性, 研究掺杂量对 CeO2 粉体红外发射性能的 影响规律。 结果表明, 随着掺杂量从 10 mol% 增加到 30 mol%, 粉体在 3~6 μm 波段的发射率不断降低, 其中 Ce0.7La0.3O2 的红外发射率仅为 0.1。     

我国冶金分析定量检测仪器的发展趋势

为了了解我国分析仪器的发展,推动冶金分析领域定量检测技术的进步,文章以北京分析测试学术报告会暨展览会(BCEIA)在国内的展示成果为依托,选择电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)等基础定量检测仪器为主要分析对象,归纳总结了这些仪器的发展过程、基本原理和主要结构。从分析检测人员的视角,讨论了该检测仪器的优势特点及应用效果;展望了定量分析检测技术的发展趋势;提出了以定量检测仪器为基础的新型高端科学仪器的发展前景。又以激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)、辉光放电质谱(GD-MS)、电子探针X射线显微分析仪(EPMA)等拓展联用检测仪器为例,介绍了设备的主要特点及应用,最终总结出LA-ICP-MS为固体样品中微量元素分析的常用技术,GD-MS技术是痕量元素分析的重要手段,EPMA技术因具有与其他仪器结合包容性高的优点,虽然在使用过程中存在一定的缺陷,但已成为通用的分析手段。而我国定量分析检测技术正朝着现场化、专用化及标准化的方向发展。     

局部超挖对悬臂排桩基坑支护体系安全性能的影响

由局部超挖引发基坑大范围破坏的工程事故时有发生,但局部超挖对基坑整体安全性能的影响及其引发连续破坏的机理尚仍缺乏研究。以悬臂排桩支护的长条形基坑为例,采用模型试验和有限差分法对基坑局部超挖引起的荷载传递规律进行探索。结果表明:随着超挖深度的增大,由于土拱效应,超挖区外支护桩内力大幅增长,而超挖区内支护桩桩身弯矩先增加后降低或持续降低;大面积开挖深度相同时,随着局部超挖范围增大,邻近支护桩桩身弯矩与位移增幅逐渐增大并趋于稳定。研究成果初步揭示了局部超挖对支护桩内力的影响等荷载传递规律,可为防超挖引发基坑连续破坏研究和局部深坑设计提供参考。     

Stability analyses of vertically exposed cemented backfill:A revisit to Mitchell's physical model tests

Mitchell's solution is commonly used to determine the required strength of vertically exposed cemented backfill in mines. Developed for drained backfill, Mitchell model assumed a zero friction angle for the backfill. Physical model tests were performed. Good agreements were obtained between the required strengths predicted by the analytical solution and experimental results. However, it is well-known that zero friction angle can only be possible in terms of total stresses when geomaterials are submitted to unconsolidated and undrained conditions. A revisit to Mitchell's physical model tests reveals that both the laboratory tests performed for obtaining the shear strength parameters of the cemented backfill and the box stability tests were conducted under a condition close to undrained condition. This explains well the good agreement between Mitchell's solution and experimental results. Good agreements are equally obtained between Mitchell's experimental results and FLAC3 D numerical modeling of shortterm stability analyses of exposed cemented backfill.     

A compact cryogenic pump

A centrifugal cryogenic pump has been designed at Argonne National Laboratory to circulate liquid nitrogen (LN₂) in a closed circuit allowing the recovery of excess fluid. The pump can circulate LN₂ at rates of 2–10 L/min, into a head of 0.5–3 m. Over four years of laboratory use the pump has proven capable of operating continuously for 50–100 days without maintenance.     

Effect of impingement angle and WC content on high temperature erosion behavior of SiC-WC composites

Hot pressed dense SiC-(0, 10, 30 or 50 wt%)WC composites were subjected to erosion against SiC particles at 800 °C. Effects of WC content and angle of impingement (30°, 60° or 90°) on the erosion performance of composites were evaluated. Erosion rate ranged from 2.1 × 10² mm³/kg to 7.7 × 10² mm³/kg with varying WC content or angle of impingement. The erosion rate of the composites increased with increasing the impingement angle from 30° to 90°, and decreased with WC content up to 30 wt%. Minimum and maximum erosion wear rates were obtained for SiC-30 wt% WC composites at 30° and for SiC-50 wt% WC composites at normal impact, respectively. Grain fracture and pull-out were observed as major mechanisms of material removal for the composites. Decreased angle of impingement led to reduced grain fracture and pull-out, and hence reduction in material removal. Owing to increased fracture toughness with incorporation of WC particles, the composites showed less fracture and removal of WC particles up to 30 wt% reinforcement.     

Kinetics of saprolitic laterite leaching by sulphuric acid at atmospheric pressure

Mineralogical analyses of the saprolitic laterite material have been characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Results showed that the saprolitic laterite material consists mainly of nickel-substituted lizardite showing the pebble-like morphology and traces of magnetite and phlogopite. Leaching results showed that as much as 84.8% nickel could be leached under the experimental conditions of 10% (v/v) H₂SO₄, 90 °C reaction temperature, leached within 5 min, particle size d₅₀ = 25 μm, stirring at 500 rpm and liquid to solid ratio 3:1. The kinetics of nickel and magnesium leaching from the saprolitic laterite material have been investigated in a mechanically stirred reactor and the activation energies were determined to be 53.9 kJ mol^?1 for nickel and 59.4 kJ mol^?1 for magnesium respectively, which are characteristic for a chemical reaction controlled process. The similarity of the activation energies of nickel and magnesium leaching from the saprolitic laterite material by sulphuric acid means that nickel in lizardite is loosely bound within the octahedral layer and almost all of the nickel could be leached simultaneously with magnesium but without complete decomposition of the silicate structure.     

SiC颗粒对轧辊表面镀层应力影响的有限元分析*

目前针对多颗粒复合镀层有限元模型的建立尚不准确。以轧辊的服役工况为背景,利用Python语言和ABAQUS软件建立试块底面带有SiC颗粒增强Ni基复合镀层的环-块滑动摩擦有限元模型,系统研究SiC颗粒含量和尺寸对涂层表面及涂层-基体界面峰值等效应力的影响规律。结果表明：当SiC颗粒含量为3 vol.%～9 vol.%时,涂层表面和涂层-基体界面峰值应力随颗粒含量的增大而增大,分别增大了78.01%和32.06%;当SiC颗粒含量为9 vol.%～15 vol.%时,随着颗粒含量的增大,涂层表面峰值应力呈下降趋势,降低了13.02%,而涂层-基体界面峰值应力基本保持不变;当SiC颗粒直径为0.8～1μm时,涂层表面及涂层-基体界面峰值应力随颗粒尺寸的减小而增大,分别增大了51.5%和32.6%;当SiC颗粒直径为0.3～0.8μm时,涂层表面及涂层-基体界面峰值应力基本保持不变。综合考虑轧辊表面镀层的性能需求以及实际复合电镀工艺,依据界面应力与镀层结合状态之间的关系,SiC颗粒含量以9 vol.%左右为宜,SiC颗粒直径以0.8μm左右为宜。所建立的多颗粒随机分布涂层基体的有限元模型更接...